Tools

PID tuning can be one of the most difficult parts of building a feedback control system. Even when your PID code is correct, the controller will not perform well until the proportional, integral, and derivative gains are properly adjusted. This PID tuning calculator uses the classic Ziegler-Nichols closed-loop method to …

When developing embedded systems, a USB-to-UART converter is probably one of the first tools you will add to your workbench. However, UART at 3.3 V or 5 V logic levels is not the only type of serial communication you will encounter. Industrial controllers, older equipment, PLCs, sensors, motor drives, and …

A linked list in embedded systems is a collection of data elements connected using pointers. Unlike an array, the elements do not need to occupy consecutive locations in memory. Each element stores its own data and a pointer that identifies the next element in the list. Linked lists are common …

A ring buffer in embedded systems is a fixed-size memory area used to temporarily store data. You will often find one between a fast peripheral and a slower part of the program. A UART interrupt, for example, can place received bytes into a ring buffer while the main application processes …

I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) is a widely used communication protocol in embedded systems, particularly in STM32 microcontrollers. Configuring the correct clock settings for I2C communication is crucial for reliable data transmission. However, calculating the necessary parameters, such as the Clock Control Register (CCR), the Rise Time Register (TRISE), and the Timing …

The Arduino UNO R4 WiFi has a vibrant 12x8 LED matrix for creating visual patterns, animations, and more. To help you design and implement custom patterns for the LED matrix, we’ve developed a tool that simplifies the process.

Dot matrix displays are a staple in microcontroller projects, offering a versatile way to showcase custom graphics, animations, and messages. Whether you're working with an Arduino, Raspberry Pi, ESP32, ESP8266, or STM32, creating dot matrix glyphs no longer needs to be a time-consuming task. This article introduces an intuitive tool …

This CAN Bus calculator will help you calculate the configuration values given the desired bit rate and system clock frequency.

This calculator will help you compute the desired PWM frequency. Just put in the clock frequency and the desired PWM frequency and click the "calculate" button. The prescaler value and the ARR (auto-reload register value) will be the results.

This calculator will help you compute the required PSC and ARR values to achieve your desired timer interrupt period. Just put in the timer interrupt period, the clock frequency, and the ARR register width.